Chapter 5 Review Answers

1. a) pH of 7

     b) pH of 8 or higher

     c) pH of 6 or lower

2.

Term	Definition	Used to Describe Acids, Bases, or Both?
Alkaline	Having the properties of an alkali, or containing alkali, having a pH greater than 7.	Bases
Corrosive	Biting; describes some acids and bases that can burn or eat away many materials, such as metals and human tissue.	Acids and Bases
Caustic	Harsh; describes solutions made from highly reactive bases, such as drain cleaner and oven cleaner.	Bases
Low pH	Is acidic solution that turns litmus paper red.	Acids

 3. a) 7 pH

     b) 6.2 pH

     c) 5 pH

     d) 7.5 pH

     e) 7.4 pH

4. It increases by 10.

5. If you dip the litmus paper in and it turns red it is acidic and if it turns blue then it is basic. If it is blank then it is neutral.

   6. a) You can identify if it is a acid if the equation turns out to have a salt of a  non-metal.

    b) You can identify if it is a base if the equation turns out to have a salt of a metal.

7-8. a) NH4NO3, Ammonium Nitrate

    b) NaOH, Sodium Hydroxide

    c) NaOH, Sodium Hydroxide

    d) Mg(OH)₂, Magnesium Hydroxide

    e) HCl,, Hydrochloric acid

    f) H₂SO₄, Sulfuric acid

    g) Ca(OH)₂, Calcium hydroxide

9. a) Acidic

    b) Basic

    c) Basic

    d) Both

    e) Basic

    f) Acidic

    g) Acidic

10. It is an equation where you adding a acid and a base together to form a substance. The substances turn into a salt and water. 

11. a) The resulting solutions are basic.

       b) The resulting solutions are acidic.

16. 11 pH is 20 more x’s more basic than a pH of 9.

17.  a) Blue

        b) Red

        c) Pink

        d) Colourless

        e) Blue

18. a) Hydrofluoric acid

       b) Perchloric acid

       c) Sulfuric acid

       d) Hydrochloric acid

19. a)  3 HNO₃ + Al(OH)₃=   Al(NO₃)₃ + 3 H₂O

             acid          metal           salt              water

      b) HF + KOH= KF + H₂O

           acid   metal  salt   water

c)  4 H₃PO₃ +  6 Ca(OH)₂=  2 Ca₃(PO₃)₂ + 12 H₂O

          acid         metal              salt                      water

d)  CH₃COOH + NaOH= NaCH₃OO + H₂O

       acid               metal   salt                water

e) H₂SO₄ + 2 NaOH= Na₂SO₄ + 2 H₂O

     acid          metal      salt            water

20. a) HBr+ Mg=H + MgBr

       b) H₂SO₃ + Al= H₂ + AlSO₃

       c) HI + Ca= H + CaI

       d) HClO + Zn= H + ZnClO

       e) H₃PO₃ + Na= H₃ + NaPO₃

21. a) Acid

       b) Base

       c) Base

       d) Salt

       e) Salt

       f) Acid