Name: Brandon
Jansen
Date: Feb. 14,
2013
Block: D
How to Write a Science Lab Report
Use the following headings in order, for each lab write up. (Each heading
should always be underlined with a ruler)
Title: Write down the name of the experiment or activity of the lab
Lab 4-2B: Combining Solutions of Ionic Compounds (/2)
Purpose: Summarize in 1-2 sentences what you hope to explore or find
out in this lab, based
on the pre-lab material provided.
I want to explore and find out if
these three chemicals will burn or what will happen to the chemicals and the
flame if they are going into a flame of fire. (/2)
Materials: List the equipment and
chemicals/specimens you will be using to conduct the experiment. Always note
any differences from the equipment you actually use and what is written in your
text.
What we need for the lab is:
-
Masking tape
-
A marker
-
6 medium test tubes
-
Iron (III) chloride solution (FeCl3)
-
Nickel (II) chloride solution (NiCl2)
-
Copper (II) chloride solution (CaCl2)
-
4 long wooden splints
-
Sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH)
-
Glass stirring rod
-
Paper towel
-
Bunsen burner
-
Ceramic pad
-
Brass test tube holder
(/2)
Procedure:
Include a brief outline of the steps to follow. If you are
using the textbook you can simply record “Refer to text, page __”
1. Create a table for your
observations. Give your table a title.
2. Label three test tubes A, B, and C, and
place in test tube rack. In test tube A, place iron(III) chloride solution to a
depth of about 2 cm. In test tube B, place nickel(II) chloride solution to a
depth of about 2 cm. In test tube C, place copper(II) chloride solution to a
depth of about 2 cm.
3. Place a wooden splint into
each of the three test tubes containing the solutions you have just poured.
Allow them to soak for about 5 min. Label your wooden splints using the metal
ion name. Set the wooden splints aside.
4. In each of three new test
tubes, pour sodium hydroxide to a depth of about
2 cm. Place a wooden splint
into one of these three new test tubes. Label the wooden splint as Na+, and
let it soak for about 5 min. Set the wooden splints aside.
“Refer to text, page 198”
5. Take the three test tubes
containing sodium hydroxide and pour their contents into each of the other
three test tubes containing the chloride solutions and observe. Record your
observations.
6. Mix each solution using a glass stirring rod,
and allow to settle for several minutes. Then decant (pour off) the liquid into
the designated waste container.
7. Using the glass stirring
rod, scrape some of the solid from each test tube out onto a piece of paper
towel. Examine the solid.
8. Set up a Bunsen burner.
Place the soaked tip of each
wooden splint into the flame of the Bunsen
burner
briefly until the flame takes on a colour due to the
solution it soaked
in. Note the colour in each case.
Then make sure the wooden splints have
stopped
burning. Place the burned splints onto the ceramic
pad.
9. Using the brass test tube
holder, test each of the solids in the flame as well. Note the colour.
10.
Clean up and put away the
equipment you have used. Follow your teacher’s instructions for disposal of
wastes.
“Refer to text, page
199” (/2)
Results: This is the section where you will record your data that you
collect and observations from carrying out the experiment. This may be in the
form of:
·
a diagram
·
a short list of observations
·
a table of results
·
a graph etc
Observations of
Individual Solutions:
Test Tube A
Iron (III) chloride
|
Test Tube B
Nickel (II)
chloride
|
Test Tube C
Copper (II)
Chloride
|
Test Tube D
Sodium Hydroxide
|
Splint gets bubbly.
|
Splint gets bubbly.
|
Splint gets bubbly.
|
Splint raises a
bit.
|
Flame Test of
Individual Solutions:
Splint for Test Tube A in Flame
Iron (III) chloride
|
Splint for Test Tube B in Flame
Nickel (II)
chloride
|
Splint for Test Tube C in Flame
Copper (II) chloride
|
Splint for Test Tube D in Flame
Sodium Hydroxide
|
Makes a large
orange flame and makes a curve on the splint.
|
Medium sized green
flame and is hard to burn out. Also burns into ashes when you try to burn it
out.
|
Small orange flame
and burns straight on the splint. Also took longer to light.
|
Does not like to
catch on fire until chemical ware out. Also burns a long curve.
|
Observations of
Chemical Reactions:
Test Tube A
Iron (III) chloride
+
Sodium hydroxide
|
Test Tube B
Nickel (II)
chloride
+
Sodium hydroxide
|
Test Tube C
Copper (II)
chloride
+
Sodium hydroxide
|
Darkness and bit
cloudy.
|
Gets cloudy and
particles move around.
|
Gets cloudy and
particles move around.
|
Observations &
Flame Test of Solid Products Only:
Solid from Test Tube A Observations
|
Solid from Test Tube B Observations
|
Solid from Test Tube C Observations
|
Just cloudy light
greenish since solid had not formed.
|
Is on the bottom
and is really dark turquoise.
|
Just dark orangey
since solid has not really formed.
|
Solid from Test Tube A in Flame
|
Solid from Test Tube B in Flame
|
Solid from Test Tube C in Flame
|
?
|
Turns the flame
green.
|
?
|
(/4)
Discussion:
You will often be asked to answer some questions about your
experiment. Your answers should be written in full sentences under this heading.
Analyze:
1 1. Refer to your table of observations to help you describe the appearance
of the solids when they first formed. Include the texture and colour in your
answer.
Only Nickel (II) chloride solid formed
with us since they do not form quickly. The Nickel’s solid turned green when we
put it into the flame, which was cool.
2. How did the flame colours of the solutions compare with the flame colours
of the solids?
They changed the same colour,
but had a bigger impact with the solid than the solution at least with the
Nickel (II) Chloride solution.
Conclude and
Apply:
1 1. Each ionic compound name comes in two parts, the positive
ion name and the negative ion name. When the solutions were combined, the ions
involved in the two compounds also combined. Try predicting the names of the
newly produced pure substances by recombining the names of the starting
materials. List the possible names of the new compounds.
Test Tube A could be Iron (III) hydroxide, Sodium chloride.
Test Tube B could be Nickel (II) hydroxide, Sodium chloride.
Test Tube C could be Copper (II) hydroxide, Sodium chloride.
2. The flame test is a method that can identify the presence
of certain ions, particularly metal ions. Using the results from the flame
test, try to predict the name and formula of the solid in each of the three
test tubes.
Test
Tube A’s solid could be Iron (III) hydroxide and the formula is Fe(OH)3 Test Tube B’s solid could be Nickel (II) hydroxide and
the formula is Ni(OH)2 Test Tube C’s solid could be Copper (II)
hydroxide and the formula is Cu(OH)2
(/4)
Conclusion: Write a brief summary of your results and
2-5 sentences summarizing the key ideas learned from the experiment. The
conclusion should link back to the original purpose. You should include
possible sources of error and/or ideas to improve or expand your experiment
next time.
Are results went well and successful
since we follow the procedure. I learned from this experiment that chemicals
will react if they are in contact with flames. The flames changed colour from
the chemicals and elements we used at the end and the splint reacted
differently to the fire, because we had the splints soak in the chemicals for a
amount of time. Possible sources that occurred was no solids formed within the
chemicals in the amount of time we had and we could not take the solids out of
the chemicals to put them in the flame to see the reaction to the flame it
would make. Only Nickel (II) chloride we got working, which turned the flame
green that was a cool reaction.
(/2)
Total /18
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